All these factors lead to an increase in the bit errors rate and cause degradation in the communication quality. The laser beam suffers continuously from several factors like atmospheric turbulences, internal and external vibrations. This principal advantage drives telecom companies to develop this technology to use it like a carrier signal, the most disadvantage of this technology is the need to very complicated pointing systems between the transmitter and the receiver due to a very small beam divergence, continually moving of satellites in orbits and the distance between the satellites (tens of thousands of kilometers). Laser communication between satellites in the constellation and from the satellites to ground stations offers a gigantic data rate for the users. Finally, combined with the simulation results, the topology scheme planning suggestion of the next-generation BDS is given. The proposed method is tested in a simulated case of the Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System and the effectiveness and robustness of the D-Blossom distributed algorithm have been verified. Afterward, considering the complex Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing (ATP) processes of laser antennas, we propose three topology planning schemes for hybrid networks, including global dynamic topology, local dynamic topology, and relatively fixed topology. In response to the above challenges, the link assignment problem of multiple antennas is firstly summarized as the b-matching problem of graph theory, and a Dynamic Blossom (D-Blossom) algorithm is proposed to solve it.
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Therefore, the key challenge of the hybrid network is how to optimize the topology of the two types of ISLs to achieve better performance, such as the shortest satellite end-to-end communication Time Delay (TD), Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), robustness, etc.
The BDS-3 has established the Ka-band ISLs and will plan to introduce laser ISLs to improve the communication rate and ranging accuracy. As a vital part of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) provide technical support for constellation orbit determination and satellite communication under the limited distribution of monitoring stations.
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